Complex multifault rupture during the 2016 M w 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand. The 1992 Landers earthquake sequence: seismological observations. Hierarchical interlocked orthogonal faulting in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. We use the software SKUA-GOCAD ( ) as the modelling environment to produce all 3D fault models and the open-source software ParaView ( ) for visualization. Example problems and model configuration files are provided at, many of which reproduce the SCEC 3D Dynamic Rupture benchmark problems described at. Quickstart containerized installations and introductory materials are provided in the docker container and jupyter notebooks at. Instructions for setting up and running simulations are at. Downloading and compiling instructions are at. Instructions for downloading, installing and running the code are available in the SeisSol documentation at. The SeisSol Ridgecrest sequence branch is also available on GitHub ( ). The used SeisSol code branch and commit are archived at. We foresee that physics-based interpretation of big observational datasets will have a transformative impact on future geohazard mitigation.Īll dynamic rupture simulations were performed using SeisSol ( an open-source software freely available to download from. We demonstrate that a joint physics-based and data-driven approach can be used to determine the mechanics of complex fault systems and earthquake sequences when reconciling dense earthquake recordings, three-dimensional regional structure and stress models. We find that regional structure, ambient long- and short-term stress, and dynamic and static fault system interactions driven by overpressurized fluids and low dynamic friction are conjointly crucial to understand the dynamics and delays of the sequence. We explain strong-motion, teleseismic, field mapping, high-rate global positioning system and space geodetic datasets with earthquake physics. Our models use supercomputing to find the link between the two earthquakes. Here we present data-assimilated three-dimensional dynamic rupture models of California’s biggest earthquakes in more than 20 years: the moment magnitude ( M w) 6.4 Searles Valley and M w 7.1 Ridgecrest sequence, which ruptured multiple segments of a non-vertical quasi-orthogonal conjugate fault system 1. Despite increasingly high-quality geodetic, seismic and field observations, data-driven earthquake imaging yields stark differences and physics-based models explaining all observed dynamic complexities are elusive. He added that the company is renewing its fleet with “more fuel-efficient aircraft and implementing operational efficiencies.The observational difficulties and the complexity of earthquake physics have rendered seismic hazard assessment largely empirical. “Since March 31, 2022, (Delta) has fully transitioned its focus away from carbon offsets toward decarbonization of our operations, focusing our efforts on investing in sustainable aviation fuel,” Myatt said in an email. The company is a big customer, purchasing credits from projects including wind and solar projects in India and an Indonesian swamp forest, the lawsuit says.ĭelta spokesperson Grant Myatt described the lawsuit as “without legal merit.” But they’ve been under the spotlight in recent months with claims their benefits are exaggerated. The complaint in federal court in California alleges the airline relied on carbon offsets that were largely bogus.Ĭompanies around the world buy carbon credits to cancel out their carbon releases with projects that promise to absorb carbon dioxide out of the air, or prevent pollution that would’ve happened. A consumer class action lawsuit filed Tuesday claims Delta Air Lines inaccurately billed itself as the world’s “first carbon-neutral airline” and should pay damages.
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